Transmitter, transmitting method, receiver, and receiving method for MC-CDMA communication system

ABSTRACT

A reception step receives a multicarrier signal containing subcarriers, at least one of which a synchronization signal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by a synchronization signal spreading code, a correlation detection step detects correlation values between the received multicarrier signal and replicas of the synchronization signal, and a timing detection step detects a FFT timing and a long code received timing according to the correlation values.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a transmission technique and areceiving technique for a multicarrier CDMA (Code Division MultipleAccess) communication system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority fromthe prior Japanese Patent Applications No.2000-337992, filed on Nov.6th, 2000, and No.2001-258451, filed on Aug. 28th, 2001; the entirecontents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the term “scrambling code” in this specification isequivalent with the term “long code” in the claim.

Multicarrier transmission system such as multicarrier CDMA (CodeDivision Multiple Access) or OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing) modulates a source information signal with a plurality ofsubcarriers and inserts guard intervals (GIs) to modulated signal inorder to reduce waveform distortion due to multiple delayed-paths.

FIG. 1 shows a conventional transmitter 1000 for Multicarrier CDMA(refers to ‘MC-CDMA’, hereinafter) systems. The transmitter 1000provides a plurality of data channel generation circuit 100. In eachdata channel generation circuit 100, a transmission data generator 101generates a transmission data sequence. An encoder 102 encodes thegenerated data sequence. A data modulator 103 modulates the encoded datasequence. The modulated data symbol sequence is multiplexed with a pilotby a multiplexer 104. A serial-parallel converter 105 converts themultiplexed symbol sequence into a sequence of N/SF symbols allocatedalong a frequency axis.

A copier 106 copies each of the sequence of N/SF symbols so that a totallength of the copies is equal to a period of the short code. A shortcode generator 107 generates the short code uniquely assigned for eachsubscriber. The copies allocated along the frequency axis are multipliedwith the short code by multipliers 108, respectively.

A combiner 109 combines the outputs from each data channel generationcircuit 100.1–100.x and outputs N combined signals. The N combinedsymbols are respectively input to other multipliers 111. A scramblingcode generator 110 generates a scrambling code (a long code) and outputsto respective multipliers 111. Each multiplier 111 multiplies therespective combined signals with the scrambling code, to provide Nsymbols scrambled by the scrambling code.

An IFFT unit 113 carries out inverse fast Fourier transform to the Ncombined symbols and transforms into an orthogonal multicarrier signal.A GI adder 114 inserts guard intervals to the transformed multicarriersignal. This multicarrier signal is transmitted as a wireless signal.

A receiver for MC-CDMA system receives the multicarrier signaltransmitted from the transmitter and removes the GIs from themulticarrier signal. The receiver further carries out FFT (Fast FourierTransform) to separate the received multicarrier signal into the Nsubcarrier components and recovers the original data sequence. Beforecarrying out FFT, the receiver must detect FFT timing.

To detect the FFT timing, the OFDM employs a technique by using acorrelation characteristic of a guard interval. This technique isdisclosed in “A Simultaneous Estimation of Symbol Synchronization andFrequency Offset of Multicarrier Modulation Signals” by Mori, Okada,Hara, Komaki, and Morinaga in IEICE Technical Reelement RCS95-70, pp.9–16 (1995-09). Another technique is proposed that transmits a timingdetection signal twice, and on a receiver side, detects a correlationbetween two symbols. This technique is disclosed in “Study onSynchronization Method for High-Speed Wireless LAN OFDM System” byOnizawa, Mizoguchi, Kumagai, Takanashi, and Morikura in IEICE TechnicalReelement RCS97–210, pp. 137–142 (1998-01).

In MC-CDMA systems, each subscriber is identified according to a shortcode allocated to each subscriber. Therefore, multiple subscribers maysimultaneously carry out communications in the same frequency band.

A mobile communication system employing the MC-CDMA must employscrambling codes to identify respective base stations. Therefore, thereceiver for the multicarrier CDMA system must be able to identify ascrambling code as well as to detect a FFT timing. Accordingly, eachmobile station must detect correlations in connection with allscrambling codes prepared by the system and detect a scrambling coderelated to a signal from a base station to which the mobile station mustbe connected. For flexible allocation of scrambling codes for each basestation, the system must prepare several hundreds of scrambling codes.This raises a problem that a mobile station must spend long time todetect a proper scrambling code before starting communication with atarget base station. Studies on the multicarrier CDMA, however, aremostly related to the evaluation of link levels, and none are related tothe identification of scrambling codes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the problems set forth above, an object of the presentinvention is to provide a transmission technique and a receivingtechnique for a mobile communication system of MC-CDMA using scramblingcodes capable of correctly detecting a specific scrambling code on areceiver side at high speed.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a signal receivingtechnique for a mobile communication system of MC-CDMA using scramblingcodes capable of determining a received timing of a synchronizationsignal from an optimum cell by providing plural candidates for anoptimum base station.

In order to accomplish the objects, a first aspect of the presentinvention is a transmitter of multicarrier signal for a mobilecommunication system, comprising: a data channel generator multiplying aplurality of transmission data sequences by a plurality of short codes,respectively; a long code multiplier multiplying the plurality oftransmission data sequences multiplied by the plurality of the shortcodes by a common long code, respectively; a synchronization signalgenerator multiplying a transmission data sequence for synchronizationsignal only by a spreading code for synchronization signal; and atransmission element transmitting, by using a plurality of subcarriers,the transmission data sequences doubly multiplied by the short code andthe long code, and transmitting the synchronization signal multipliedonly by the spreading code for synchronization signal.

A second aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signaltransmission method for a mobile communication system, comprising:transmitting, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequencedoubly multiplied by a short code and a long code; and transmitting, byusing one for a plurality of subcarriers, a synchronization signalmultiplied only by a spreading code for synchronization signal.

A third aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers, at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a correlator detecting correlation valuesbetween the received multicarrier signal and a synchronization signalreplica; and a timing detector detecting an FFT timing and a receivedtiming of long code according to the correlation values.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers, at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a first correlator detecting correlation valuesbetween the received multicarrier signal and synchronization signalreplicas; a timing detector detecting an FFT timing and a receivedtiming of long code according to the correlation values; an FFT unitcarrying out FFT at the detected FFT timing, to separate the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; a secondcorrelator detecting, at the detected received timing of long code,correlation values between the subcarrier components and a plurality ofreplicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and eachlong code chosen from a long code group; a code detector detecting,according to the detected correlation values, a long code that isscrambling the received multicarrier signal; and a demodulation circuitdemodulating the data sequence from the received multicarrier signal byusing the received timing of long code and the long code.

A fifth aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers , at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a subcarrier separator carrying out FFToperations at a plurality of FFT timing candidates to separate thereceived multicarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components;a correlator detecting correlation values between the subcarriercomponents that carry the synchronization signal and a synchronizationsignal replica; and a timing detector detecting a received timing oflong code and an FFT timing according to the correlation values.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers , at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a subcarrier separator carrying out FFToperations at a plurality of FFT timing candidates to separate thereceived multicarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components;a first correlator detecting correlation values between the subcarriercomponents that carry the synchronization signal and a synchronizationsignal replica; a timing s detecting a received timing of long code andan FFT timing according to the correlation values; an FFT unit carryingout FFT operation at the detected FFT timing to separate the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; a secondcorrelator detecting, at the detected received timing of long code,correlation values between the subcarrier components and a plurality ofreplicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and eachlong code chosen from a long code group; a code detector detecting,according to the detected correlation values, a long code that isscrambling the received multicarrier signal; and a demodulation circuitdemodulating the data sequence from the received multicarrier signal byusing the received timing of long code and the long code.

A seventh aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers , at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a subcarrier separator separating the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; acorrelator detecting correlation values between the subcarriercomponents that carry the synchronization signal and a synchronizationsignal replica; and a timing detector detecting a received timing oflong code according to the correlation values.

A eighth aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers , at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a subcarrier separator separating the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; a firstcorrelator detecting correlation values between the subcarriercomponents that carry the synchronization signal and a synchronizationsignal replica; and a timing detector detecting a received timing oflong code according to the correlation values; a second correlatordetecting, at the detected received timing of long code, correlationvalues between the subcarrier components and a plurality of replicas ofdata sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and each long codechosen from a long code group; a code detector detecting, according tothe detected correlation values, a long code that is scrambling thereceived multicarrier signal; and a demodulation circuit demodulating adata sequence from the received multicarrier signal by using thereceived timing of long code and the long code.

A ninth aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers, at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a subcarrier separator carrying out FFToperations at a plurality of FFT timing candidates to separate thereceived multicarrier signal into plural groups each of which contains aplurality of subcarrier components; a first correlator detectingcorrelation values between the subcarrier components that carry thesynchronization signal and a synchronization signal replica for eachgroups of subcarriers; a timing detector detecting a plurality ofreceived timing candidates of a long code; a second correlatordetecting, at each received timing candidate of the long code,correlation values between the subcarrier components and a plurality ofreplicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and eachlong code chosen from a long code group; a code candidate detectordetecting, according to the detected correlation values, a plurality ofcandidates of long code for scrambling a multicarrier signal; a timingand code detector detecting a received timing of long code among thereceived timing candidates and detecting a long code among thecandidates of long code; and a demodulation circuit demodulating thedata sequence from the received multicarrier signal by using thereceived timing of long code and the long code.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers , at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; an FFT timing detector detecting a correlationfor a guard interval of the received multicarrier signal, to detect anFFT timing; a subcarrier separator carrying out FFT at the detected FFTtiming to separate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality ofsubcarrier components; a correlator detecting correlation values betweensubcarriers that carry a synchronization signal among the separatedsubcarriers and a synchronization signal replica; and a timing detectordetecting a received timing of long code according to the correlationvalues.

A eleventh aspect of the present invention is a receiver of multicarriersignal for a mobile communication system, the system transmits, by usinga plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and a long code chosen from a long code group, comprising: areceiving element receiving the multicarrier signal containing thesubcarriers, at least one of which a synchronization signal istransmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; an FFT timing detector detecting a correlationfor a guard interval of the received multicarrier signal, to detect anFFT timing; a subcarrier separator carrying out FFT at the detected FFTtiming to separate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality ofsubcarrier components; a first correlator detecting correlation valuesbetween subcarriers that carry a synchronization signal among theseparated subcarriers and a synchronization signal replica; a timingdetector detecting a received timing of long code according to thecorrelation values; a second correlator detecting, at the detectedreceived timing of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and each long code chosen from a long codegroup; a code detector detecting, according to the detected correlationvalues, a long code that is scrambling the received multicarrier signal;and a demodulation circuit demodulating the data sequence from thereceived multicarrier signal by using the received timing of long codeand the long code.

A twelfth aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signalreceiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving step of receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers , at least one of which a synchronizationsignal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a correlation detection step of detectingcorrelation values between the received multicarrier signal andsynchronization signal replicas; and a timing detection step ofdetecting an FFT timing and a received timing of long code according tothe correlation values.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, a method asin the twelfth aspect of the present invention further comprises: aseparation step of carrying out FFT at the detected FFT timing, toseparate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality of subcarriercomponents; a correlation detection step of detecting, at the detectedreceived timing of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and each long code chosen from a long codegroup; and a code detection step of detecting, according to the detectedcorrelation values, a long code that is scrambling the receivedmulticarrier signal.

A fourteenth aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signalreceiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving step of receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers , at least one of which a synchronizationsignal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a separation step of separating the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; acorrelation detection step of detecting correlation values between thesubcarrier components that carry the synchronization signal and asynchronization signal replica; and a timing detection step of detectinga received timing of long code according to the correlation values.

A fifteenth aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signalreceiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving step of receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers , at least one of which a synchronizationsignal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; a separation step of carrying out FFT on thereceived multicarrier signal at a plurality of FFT timing candidates, toseparate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality of subcarriercomponents for each FFT timing candidate; a first correlation detectionstep of detecting correlation values between the subcarrier componentsthat carry the synchronization signal and a synchronization signalreplica; a timing detection step of detecting a received timing of longcode according to the correlation values; a second correlation detectionstep of detecting, at the detected received timing of long code,correlation values between the subcarrier components and a plurality ofreplicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and eachlong code chosen from a long code group; and a timing and code detectionstep of detecting an FFT timing, a received timing of long code, and thelong code that is scrambling the received multicarrier signal accordingto the detected correlation values for each of the FFT timing candidatesin the second correlation detection step.

A sixteenth aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signalreceiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: an FFT timing detection step of detecting acorrelation for a guard interval of a received multicarrier signal, todetect an FFT timing; a separation step of carrying out FFT at the FFTtiming, to separate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality ofsubcarrier components; a correlation detection step of detectingcorrelation values between subcarriers that carry a synchronizationsignal among the separated subcarriers and a synchronization signalreplica; and a timing detection step of detecting a received timing oflong code according to the correlation values.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, a method asin the sixteenth aspect of the present invention further comprises: acorrelation detection step of detecting, at the detected received timingof long code, correlation values between the subcarrier components andthe data sequence doubly multiplied by the short code and the long codechosen from the long code group; and a code detection step of detecting,according to the detected correlation values, a long code that isscrambling the received multicarrier signal.

A eighteenth aspect of the present invention is a receiver ofmulticarrier signal for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving element receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers , at least one of which a synchronizationsignal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by a spreading code forsynchronization signal; and an FFT timing detector detecting a pluralityof FFT timing candidates according to a correlation characteristic of aguard interval contained in the received multicarrier signal; whereinthe FFT timing detector comprises: a multiplier multiplying the receivedmulticarrier signal by a delayed signal by one symbol length of thereceived multicarrier signal, to provide a product; an integratorintegrating the product over one guard interval at every guard interval,to provide a plurality of correlation values; a first memory storing thecorrelation values and corresponding timings thereto; a second memorystoring a plurality of FFT timing candidates consecutively given; asearch range setter setting search ranges for respective FFT timingcandidates according to the correlation values in the first memory andthe FFT timing candidates in the second memory; and a timing detectorfirstly selecting a maximum correlation value and a corresponding timingfrom the values in the first memory as an FFT timing candidate #1 andstoring the FFT timing candidate #1 in the second memory, subsequentlymaking the search rang setter set a new search range according to thevalues stored in the first memory and the FFT timing candidatepreviously stored in the second memory, selecting a maximum correlationvalue and a corresponding timing from the values within the search rangepreviously set as an FFT timing candidate #2 and storing the FFT timingcandidate #2 in the second memory, and repeating the same operations ofsetting a new search range and selecting an FFT timing candidate of nextnumber until detecting a predetermined number of FFT timing candidates.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, a receiver asin the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, further comprises: aplurality of FFT units, each of which carries out FFT operations to thereceived multicarrier signal at each of detected plural FFT timingcandidates to separate the received multicarrier signal into a pluralityof subcarrier components; a plurality of first correlators, each ofwhich detects correlation values between the subcarrier components thatcarry the synchronization signal and a synchronization signal replicafor each groups of subcarriers; a plurality of timing detectors, each ofwhich detects a plurality of received timing candidates of long code; aplurality of second correlators, each of which detects, at each receivedtiming candidate of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and each long code chosen from a long codegroup; a plurality of code candidate detectors, each of which detects,according to the detected correlation values, a plurality of candidatesof long code for scrambling a multicarrier signal; a timing and codedetector detecting a received timing of long code among the receivedtiming candidates and detecting a long code among the candidates of longcode; and a demodulation circuit demodulating the data sequence from thereceived multicarrier signal by using the received timing of long codeand the long code.

According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, a receiver asin the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, further comprises: aplurality of first FFT units, each of which carries out FFT operationsto the received multicarrier signal at each of detected plural FFTtiming candidates to separate the received multicarrier signal into aplurality of subcarrier components; a plurality of first correlators,each of which detects correlation values between the subcarriercomponents that carry the synchronization signal and a synchronizationsignal replica for each group of subcarriers; a timing detectordetecting a received timing of long code and an FFT timing according tothe correlation values; a second FFT unit carrying out FFT operation atthe detected FFT timing to the received multicarrier signal to separatea plurality of subcarriers; a second correlator detecting, at thereceived timing of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a replica of data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and each long code chosen from a long code group; a code detectordetecting, according to the detected correlation values, a long code forscrambling a multicarrier signal; and a demodulation circuitdemodulating the data sequence from the received multicarrier signal byusing the received timing of long code and the long code.

A twenty first aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signalreceiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: an FFT timing detection step of detecting a pluralityof FFT timing candidates according to a correlation characteristic of aguard interval contained in a received multicarrier signal.

According a twenty second aspect of the present invention, a method asin the twenty first aspect of the present invention, further comprises:a step of setting additional FFT timing candidates before and behindeach of the determined FFT timing candidates.

According a twenty third aspect of the present invention, a method as inthe twenty first aspect of the present invention further comprises: astep of carrying out FFT at a plurality of the FFT timing candidates, toseparate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality of subcarriercomponents; a step of detecting correlation values between subcarriersthat carry a synchronization signal among the separated subcarriers anda synchronization signal replica; a step of detecting one or a pluralityof received timing candidates of the long code according to the detectedcorrelation values; a step of detecting, at respective timings of thedetected received timing candidates of the long code, correlation valuesbetween the subcarrier components and a plurality of replicas of datasequence doubly multiplied by each long code chosen from a long codegroup and a short code; and a step of detecting an FFT timing, areceived timing of long code, and a long code that is scrambling thereceived multicarrier signal according to the detected correlationvalues.

A twenty fourth aspect of the present invention is a multicarrier signalreceiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: detecting correlation values between the subcarriercomponents separated from a received multicarrier signal and a pluralityof replicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by each long code chosenfrom a long code group and a short code, by: integrating the productcoherently over Navg symbols along a time axis for each subcarrier,where Navg is an integer equal to or larger than 1; accumulatingcoherently the integrated value of each subcarrier for Ncs consecutivesubcarriers along a frequency axis, where Ncs is an integer satisfying1<=Ncs<=N, and N is the number of the subcarriers; and detectingaveraged correlation values by averaging Nps accumulated value of everyNcs subcarriers by squared form along the frequency axis, wherein Nps isan integer satisfying 1<=Nps<=Nc/Ncs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a transmitter for a mobile communicationsystem of MC-CDMA according to a prior art;

FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively show a scrambling code pattern according tothe prior art;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of a transmitter for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIGS. 4A and 4B respectively show an example of a synchronization signalstructure according to the first embodiment;

FIGS. 5A and 5B respectively show another example of the synchronizationsignal structure according to the first embodiment;

FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C respectively show a another example of thesynchronization signal structure according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 7A shows a another example of the synchronization signal structureaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7B is a detection method by correlation property of synchronizationsignals to be detected by a receiver;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a transmitter for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIGS. 9A and 9B respectively show an example of a synchronization signalstructure according to the second embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a third embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 11 shows a precise block diagram of a received timing detector ofscrambling code and a scrambling code identification circuit employed bythe third embodiment of the receiver;

FIG. 12 shows a precise block diagram of a demodulation circuit employedby the third embodiment of the receiver;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the third embodiment of the receiver;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a fourth embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the fourth embodiment of thereceiver;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a fifth embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the fifth embodiment of the receiver;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a sixth embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the sixth embodiment of the receiver;

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a seventh embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the seventh embodiment of thereceiver;

FIG. 22 shows an ordinary processing method for a received multicarriersignal to detect a FFT timing;

FIG. 23 is an explanatory view showing the ordinary processing methodfor the received multicarrier signal to detect a FFT timing;

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence of correlationvalues detected by the ordinary processing method shown in FIGS. 22 and23;

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of an eighth embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing a processing method for detecting FFTtiming candidates from a received multicarrier signal carried out by theeighth embodiment of the receiver;

FIG. 27 is an explanatory view showing exclusion windows and FFT timingcandidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 28 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the seventh embodiment of thereceiver;

FIG. 29 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 30 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 31 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 32 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 33 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 34 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 35 is an explanatory view showing another exclusion windows and FFTtiming candidates according to the eighth embodiment;

FIG. 36 is a block diagram of a ninth embodiment of a receiver for amobile communication system of MC-CDMA according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 37 is a flowchart showing a processing method for a receivedmulticarrier signal carried out by the seventh embodiment of thereceiver;

FIG. 38 is an explanatory view showing a correlation detection method ofa long code carried out by a receiver according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 39 is an explanatory view showing another correlation detectionmethod of a long code carried out by a receiver according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 40 is an explanatory view showing another correlation detectionmethod of a long code carried out by a receiver according to the presentinvention; and

FIG. 41 is an explanatory view showing another correlation detectionmethod of a long code carried out by a receiver according to the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail withreference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively show an example of an ordinary scramblingcode pattern of an MC-CDMA transmission system. A scrambling code, whichis referred to as a long code in the claims, has specific patterns alongboth frequency and time axes depending on a base station to which thescrambling code is allocated. FIG. 2A shows an example of using a longcode, a chip length of which is longer than the number of subcarriers.FIG. 2B shows an example of using a long code, a chip length of which isequal to the number of subcarriers and which is consecutively shifted byone symbol along a frequency axis.

FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a transmitter for an MC-CDMAcommunication system. The transmitter 10.1 is accommodated in each basestation transmitting wireless multicarrier signal. The transmitter 10.1provides multiple data channel generation circuits 100.1–100.x. In eachdata channel generation circuit 100, an encoder 102 encodes atransmission data sequence from a transmission data generator 101. Theencoded data sequence from the encoder 102 is modulated by a datamodulator 103 and multiplexed by a multiplexer 104 with a pilot symbol.

A serial-parallel converter 105 carries out serial-parallel conversionto the serial data sequence and outputs a sequence of N/SF symbolsallocated along a frequency axis. A copier 106 copies each of thesequence of N/SF symbols so that a total length of the copies is equalto a length of a short code. This sequence length is equivalent with aperiod of the short code.

A short code generator 107 generates the short code. The copiesallocated along the frequency axis are multiplied with the short code bymultipliers 108, respectively.

A first combiner 109 combines every multiplied signals of the samechannel from each data channel generation circuit 100.1–100.x andoutputs N combined symbols. The N combined symbols are respectivelyinput to another multipliers 111. A scrambling code generator 110generates a scrambling code and outputs to respective multipliers 111.Each multiplier 111 multiplies the respective combined symbols with thescrambling code along the frequency axis.

By a second combiner 112, the N multiplied symbols with the scramblingcode (long code) from the respective multipliers 111 are additionallycombined with a synchronization signal from a synchronization signalgeneration circuit 120.1. An IFFT unit 113 carries out inverse fastFourier transform to the N symbols and transforms into an orthogonalmulticarrier signal. A GI adder 114 inserts guard intervals to thetransformed multicarrier signal. This multicarrier signal is transmittedinto the air as a wireless signal.

The generation of the synchronization signal by the circuit 120.1 willbe explained. A synchronization signal data sequence D1 is usuallycommon to all base stations and may consist of all ‘1’ sequence. A datagenerator 121 generates this synchronization signal data sequence D1 anda data modulator 122 modulates the synchronization signal data sequenceD1. The modulated data sequence is multiplied with a spreading code forsynchronization signal C1 by a multiplier 124 to provide asynchronization signal S1 for the second combiner 112. The spreadingcode for synchronization signal C1 is that of generated by asynchronization signal generator 123.

A transmission method of multicarrier signal carried out by themulticarrier signal transmitter 10.1 shown in FIG. 3 will be explained.FIG. 4A shows a first example of synchronization signal S1 continuouslytransmitted along a time axis on a plurality of subcarriers and FIG. 4Bshows the synchronization signal S1 continuously transmitted along atime axis on a single subcarrier. The synchronization signal S1 isoutput from the synchronization signal generation circuit 120.1 shown inFIG. 3. The synchronization signal S1 is yielded through multiplicationof the spreading code for synchronization signal C1 with thesynchronization data sequence D1.

In the transmitter 10.1, the second combiner 112.1 continuously combinesthe synchronization signal S1 with a single or multiple specificsubcarrier(s) along the time axis. The IFFT unit 113 carries out theinverse fast Fourier transform to the combined signals from the secondcombiner 112.1 and transforms them into the multicarrier signal, and theGI adder 114 inserts the guard intervals of a fixed period to themulticarrier signal from the IFFT unit 113 on every FFT timings.

FIG. 5A shows a third example of a synchronization signal structuretransmitted by the transmitter 10.1 shown in FIG. 3. The synchronizationsignal structure shown in FIG. 5A also transmits a synchronizationsignal S2 along the time axis on a single subcarrier. Thesynchronization signal S2 generated by the synchronization signalgeneration circuit 120.1 has a specific pattern along a time axis. Apattern length of the synchronization signal S2 is equal to an iterationperiod of scramble pattern τ. The specific pattern is realizable by ascramble code pattern for the synchronization signal. Accordingly, for areceiver, detecting a received timing of the synchronization signal S2results in detecting a received timing of multiplication start timing ofthe scrambling code.

FIG. 5B shows a fourth example of a synchronization signal structuretransmitted by the transmitter 10.1 shown in FIG. 3.. The data frametransmits a synchronization signal S3 along the time axis. Thesynchronization signal S3 from the synchronization signal generationcircuit 120.1 also has a specific pattern along the time axis. A periodof the synchronization signal S3 is equal to a half of the iterationperiod of scramble pattern τ. For a receiver, detecting a receivedtiming of the synchronization signal S3 results in confining a receivedtiming of multiplication start timing of a scrambling code to bedetected within a limited interval.

FIGS. 6A to 6C show a fifth example of a synchronization signalstructure transmitted by the transmitter 10.1 shown in FIG. 3, in whichFIG. 6A shows a synchronization signal S4 simultaneously transmitted ina burst manner on a plurality of subcarriers, FIG. 6B shows asynchronization signal S4 transmitted in a burst manner on a singlesubcarrier, and FIG. 6C shows a synchronization signal S4 simultaneouslytransmitted in a burst manner on all subcarriers.

FIG. 7A shows a sixth example of a synchronization signal structuretransmitted by the transmitter 10.1 shown in FIG. 3. A synchronizationsignal S5 is transmitted in a burst manner on multiple subcarriers atdifferent timings. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 7B, for a receiver,detecting multiple subcarriers in which the synchronization signals S5are transmitted and each received timing thereof results in detecting areceived timing of multiplication start timing of the scrambling code.

A second embodiment of a multicarrier signal transmitter for an MC-CDMAsystem will be explained. In FIG. 8 showing a transmitter ofmulticarrier signal 10.2 of the second embodiment, blocks given thecommon numerals with the blocks shown in FIG. 3 are identical. A featureof the multicarrier signal transmitter of the second embodiment is thata synchronization signal generation circuit 120.2 provides aserial-parallel converter 125.

A data generator 121 generates a data sequence D1. The data sequence D1is usually common to all base stations and may consist of all ‘1’sequence. The synchronization signal data sequence D1 is modulated by adata modulator 122, and the modulated data sequence is converted by aserial-parallel converter 125 into N symbols along a frequency axis.Multipliers 126 respectively multiply, along the frequency axis, the Nsymbols with a scrambling code for synchronization signal C1 that isgenerated by a synchronization signal generator 123. The multipliers 126output N parallel synchronization symbols S6 to a second combiner 112.2.

The second combiner 112.2 combines the N symbols of synchronizationsignals S6 with the N subcarriers at a specific timing. To make atransmit timing of the synchronization signal indicate a scrambling codetransmit timing like FIGS. 9A and 9B, each synchronization signal S6 istransmitted in synchronization with the scrambling code transmit timing.

In a transmission method of multicarrier signal shown in FIGS. 9A and9B, a transmitter of multicarrier signal 10.2 simultaneously transmits asynchronization signal S6 in a burst manner on all subcarriers. In FIG.9A, a start timing of a scrambling code pattern coincides with atransmit timing of the synchronization signal S6. Accordingly, for areceiver, detecting the received timing of the synchronization signal S6results in detecting the received timing of multiplication start timingof the scrambling code. In FIG. 9B, a synchronization signal S6 istransmitted twice within an iteration period of scramble pattern τ.Namely, an interval between synchronization signal transmit timings isequal to a half of the iteration period of scramble pattern τ.Accordingly, for a receiver, detecting the received timing ofsynchronization signal results in confining a received timing ofmultiplication start timing of a scrambling code to be detected within alimited interval.

A third embodiment of a receiver for MC-CDMA transmission system will beexplained referring to FIGS. 10–12. A receiver for MC-CDMA transmissionsystem 20.1 comprises an antenna for multicarrier wireless signal 199, adetector of scrambling code received timing 200.1, a GI remover 208, anFFT unit 209, a scrambling code identification circuit 210.1 and ademodulation circuit 300. The detector of scrambling code receivedtiming 200.1 inputs the multicarrier signal received by the antenna 199and detects a scrambling code received timing and an FFT timing. The GIremover 208 removes guard intervals from the multicarrier signalaccording to the detected FFT timing. The FFT unit 209 carries out fastFourier transforms to the multicarrier signal and separates to Nsubcarrier components. The scrambling code identification circuit 210.1having an inner configuration as shown in FIG. 11 identifies ascrambling code that is multiplied on the multicarrier signal receivedby the antenna 199. The demodulation circuit 300 having an innerconfiguration as shown in FIG. 12 demodulates the received multicarriersignal to an original data sequence by using the received timing ofscrambling code from the detector of scrambling code received timing200.1 and the scrambling code from the scrambling code detector 210.1.

As precisely shown in FIG. 11, the detector of scrambling code receivedtiming 200.1 inputs a multicarrier signal received by the antenna 199 toa correlator 201. A generator of synchronization signal replica 202generates synchronization signal replicas, which are supplied to thecorrelator 201. The correlator 201 detects correlation values betweenthe received multicarrier signal and the replicas of synchronizationsignal. Each correlation value having a peak and a corresponding timingare stored in a correlation/timing memory 203. A timing detector 204selects a maximum correlation value and a corresponding timing from thevalues stored in the correlation/timing memory 203. The selected timingis stored as a received timing of scrambling code in a memory 205. Thereceived timing of scrambling code is used to calculate an FFT timing,which is also stored in the memory 205. The memory 205 provides the FFTtiming to the GI remover 208 and the received timing of scrambling codeto the scrambling code identification circuit 210 and the demodulationcircuit 300.

After the detection of the scrambling code received timing by thedetector of scrambling code received timing 200.1, the memory 205provides the FFT timing to the GI remover 208. The GI remover 208 usesthe FFT timing to remove the guard intervals from the receivedmulticarrier signal. The GI-free multicarrier signal is input to the FFTunit 209, which separates the signal into N subcarrier components.

The scrambling code identification circuit 210.1 sets to each correlator212 each of phases of scrambling code replicas generated by a generatorof scrambling code replica 211 according to the received timing ofscrambling code from the detector of scrambling code received timing200.1. Each correlator 212 is provided for each of the N subcarriers.Each correlator 212 detects correlation value between each of thescrambling code replicas generated by the generator of scrambling codereplica 211 and each of the N subcarrier components from the FFT unit209. The detected correlation values are sent to an adder 213. The adder213 adds up the correlation values of the N subcarriers for each of thescrambling code replicas, and the sum and a corresponding scramblingcode number are stored in a correlation/code number memory 214. Ascrambling code detector 215 selects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding code number from the values stored in the correlation/codenumber memory 214. The selected scrambling code number is sent to ademodulation circuit 300.

In the demodulation circuit 300 as precisely shown in FIG. 12, thereceived multicarrier signal from the antenna 199 is input to a FFTtiming detector 302 and a GI remover 303, and the received timing ofscrambling code detected in the detector of scrambling code receivedtiming 200.1 and the scrambling code number identified in the scramblingcode identification circuit 210.1 are input to a scrambling codegenerator 301.

The FFT timing detector 302 detects a FFT timing, i.e., an symbol timingfrom the received multicarrier signal. According to the FFT timing,guard intervals are removed from the received multicarrier signal, andthe GI-free multicarrier signal is separated into N subcarriercomponents by an FFT unit 304. A channel estimator 305 estimates achannel variation of each subcarrier. Each of the N subcarriers iscompensated by each estimated channel variation by each multiplier 306.Along a direction of the subcarriers, symbols on thevariation-compensated subcarriers are multiplied by a scrambling codefrom the scrambling code generator 301 at multipliers 307. The symbolsmultiplied by the scrambling code are further multiplied by multipliers308 with a corresponding short code generated by a short code generator309 along the direction of the subcarriers. A summation unit 310 sumsevery SF symbols from the multipliers 308. The summed symbols areconverted to parallel signals by a parallel-serial converter 311 and theconverted serial signal. The serial signal after parallel-serialconversion is recovered to the original transmission data sequencethrough a data demodulator 312 and a decoder 313.

Referring to FIG. 13, a receiving method by the receiver 20.1 for anMC-CDMA transmission system will be explained. Step S101 detectscorrelation values between a received multicarrier signal containing allbefore-FFT subcarriers and a synchronization signal replica. Step S102finds a timing corresponding to a maximum value among the detectedcorrelation values, and based on which, obtains an FFT timing, i.e., asymbol timing and a received timing of scrambling code.

At the detected FFT timing, step S103 carries out an FFT to separate themulticarrier signal into N subcarrier components. Step S104 detects, atthe detected received timing of scrambling code, a correlation valuebetween each of the separated subcarrier components and each scramblingcode replica. Step S105 identifies a scrambling code corresponding to amaximum correlation value as a scrambling code that is scrambling(spreading) the received multicarrier signal.

The demodulation circuit 300 in the receiver 20.1 descrambles thereceived multicarrier signal by using the identified scrambling code andrecovers an original data sequence from the descrambled signal.

Referring to FIG. 14, a receiver for an MC-CDMA transmission system as afourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained. Afunctional configuration of the receiver 20.2 of this embodiment isidentical with that of the receiver 20.1 of the third embodiment of thepresent invention shown in FIG. 10, though an inner configuration of adetector of scrambling code received timing 200.2 is slightly differentfrom that of the third embodiment precisely shown in FIG. 11.

The detector of scrambling code received timing 200.2 inputs amulticarrier signal received by an antenna 199 (not shown in FIG. 14 butidentical with that of FIG. 10) to each of multiple synchronizationsignal correlation detectors 2010.1–201.m. An FFT timing setter 2014sets respectively different FFT timings for respective synchronizationsignal correlation detectors 2010.1–2010.m. A GI remover 2015 of eachcorrelation detector 2010 removes guard intervals (GIs) from themulticarrier signal according to the set FFT timing. The GI-freemulticarrier signal is input to an FFT unit 2016, which separates thesignal into N subcarrier components. Each of subcarriers carryingsynchronization signal thereon is input to each of multiple correlators2012. Each of generators of synchronization signal replica 2013generates a synchronization signal replica and input to the correlator2012. Each correlator 2012 detects a correlation value and acorresponding timing of the synchronization signal and output thedetected correlation value into an adder 207. The adder 207 adds up allof the detected correlation values from respective correlators 2012 inthe same synchronization signal correlation detector 2010.x. Acorrelation/timing memory 203 stores the sum from the adder 207 and acorresponding timing.

A timing detector 204 detects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding timing among the correlation values, each of them isstored in each correlation/timing memory 203 of the synchronizationsignal correlation detectors 2010.1–2010.m. The detected timing isstored as a scrambling code received timing in a memory 205. Accordingto the scrambling code received timing, a final FFT timing is calculatedand also stored in the memory 205.

After the detection of the scrambling code received timing by thedetector of scrambling code received timing 200.2, the memory 205provides the FFT timing to the GI remover 208. By the same operations asexplained referring to FIG. 11, the GI remover 208 removes guardintervals (GIs) from the received multicarrier signal, an FFT unit 209carries out FFT operation to the GI-free multicarrier signal and anscrambling code identification circuit 210.1 identifies a scramblingcode. In addition, a demodulation circuit 300 demodulates the receivedmulticarrier signal into an original data sequence by the sameoperations as explained referring to FIG. 12.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a receiving method for MC-CDMAtransmission carried out by the receiver 20.2. Step S2011.1 carries outFFT at a given FFT timing, to separate a received multicarrier signalinto N subcarrier components. For the given FFT timing, step S2012.1detects correlation values between subcarrier components that contain asynchronization signal among the subcarrier components and thesynchronization signal replicas. These operations are carried out for aplurality of FFT timings in steps S201.1 to S201.m. Step S202 detects atiming corresponding to a maximum correlation value as a scrambling codereceived timing. The FFT timing that provides the maximum correlationvalue is set as a final FFT timing.

At the detected FFT timing, step S203 carries out FFT, to separate thereceived multicarrier signal into N subcarrier components. According tothe detected scrambling code received timing, step S204 detectscorrelation values between each of the separated subcarrier componentsand each of scrambling code replicas. Step S205 determines a scramblingcode corresponding to a maximum correlation value as a scrambling codethat is scrambling the received multicarrier signal.

The demodulation circuit 300 in the receiver 20.2 descrambles thereceived multicarrier signal by using the identified scrambling code andrecovers an original data sequence from the descrambled signal.

Referring to FIGS. 16 and 12, a receiver for an MC-CDMA transmissionsystem as a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be explained.The receiver 20.3 comprises an antenna for multicarrier wireless signal199 (not shown in FIG. 16 but identical with that of FIG. 10), adetector of scrambling code received timing 200.3, a scrambling codeidentification circuit 210.1 and a demodulation circuit 300.

The detector of scrambling code received timing 200.3 inputs a receivedmulticarrier signal and separates it to multiple subcarrier componentsby a FFT unit 2011. Each of limited subcarriers, which are carryingsynchronization signal thereon, is input to each of multiple correlators2012. Each of generators of synchronization signal replica 2013generates synchronization signal replicas and input to each of thecorrelators 2012. Each correlator 2012 detects a correlation value and acorresponding timing of the synchronization signal and output thedetected correlation value into an adder 207. The adder 207 adds upevery detected correlation values with the same synchronization signaltiming from respective correlators 2012. A correlation/timing memory 203stores the sums from the adder 207 and corresponding timings.

A timing detector 204 detects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding timing among the sums of the correlation values stored inthe correlation/timing memory 203. The detected timing is stored as ascrambling code received timing in a memory 205.

After the detection of the scrambling code received timing by thedetector of scrambling code received timing 200.3, the memory 205provides the detected scrambling code received timing to an scramblingcode identification circuit 210.1 of the same configuration as shown inFIG. 11. Each subcarrier components separated by the FFT unit 2011 isinput to each correlator 212 of the scrambling code identificationcircuit 210.1. A scrambling code replica generator 211 generatesmultiple scrambling code replicas one by one at a time and inputs toeach correlator 212.

Each correlator 212 detects correlation value between the givenscrambling code replica from the replica generator 211 and each of theseparated subcarrier components from the FFT unit 2011. The detectedcorrelation values are sent to an adder 213. The adder 213 adds up thecorrelation values of the N subcarriers for each of the scrambling codereplicas, and the sum and a corresponding scrambling code number arestored in a correlation/code number memory 214. A scrambling codedetector 215 selects a maximum correlation value and a correspondingcode number from the values stored in the correlation/code number memory214. The selected scrambling code number is sent to the demodulationcircuit 300.

Demodulation operation to the received multicarrier signal carried outin the demodulation circuit 300 is identical with that explainedreferring to FIG. 12 hereinbefore.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a receiving method for MC-CDMAtransmission carried out by the receiver 20.3 shown in FIG. 16. StepS301 separates a received multicarrier signal into N subcarriercomponents through the DFT unit 201 or the like. Step S302 detectscorrelation values between subcarriers that carry a synchronizationsignal among the separated subcarrier components and synchronizationsignal replicas. Step S303 detects a timing corresponding to a maximumcorrelation value as a scrambling code received timing among thecorrelation values.

According to the detected scrambling code received timing, step S304detects correlation values between the separated subcarrier componentsand each of scrambling code replicas. Step S305 determines a scramblingcode replica corresponding to a maximum correlation value as ascrambling code that is scrambling the received signal.

The demodulation circuit 300 in the receiver 20.3 also descrambles thereceived multicarrier signal by using the identified scrambling code andrecovers an original data sequence from the descrambled signal.

Referring to FIGS. 18 and 12, a receiver for an MC-CDMA transmissionsystem as a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be explained.The receiver 20.4 comprises an antenna for multicarrier wireless signal199 (not shown in FIG. 18 but identical with that of FIG. 10), mscrambling code correlation detectors 2301.1–2301.m, an FFT timingsetter 2014 for setting respectively different FFT timings to respectivem correlation detectors 2301.1–2301.m, a detector of scrambling code andreceived timing 240 and a demodulation circuit 300. Each of thescrambling code correlation detectors 230.1–230.m comprises a GI remover2015, an FFT unit 2016, a timing of scrambling code detector 200.3,which is the same as that of FIG. 16, and a scrambling codeidentification circuit 210.2. A precise configuration of thedemodulation circuit 300 is the same as that of FIG. 12.

A multicarrier signal received by the antenna 199 is input to eachscrambling code correlation detector 230.x. The FFT timing setter 2014sets respectively different FFT timings for the scrambling codecorrelation detectors 230.1–230.m, respectively. In each scrambling codecorrelation detector 230.x, the GI remover 2015 removes guard intervals(GIs) from the multicarrier signal according to the set FFT timing. TheGI-free multicarrier signal is supplied to an FFT unit 2016, whichseparates the signal into N subcarrier components. Thereafter,operations carried out by a correlator 2012, a replica ofsynchronization signal generator 2013, and an adder 207 are the same asthose of FIG. 16. A correlation/timing memory 203 stores correlationvalues and corresponding timings from the adder 207.

A timing detector 204 selects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding timing from the values stored in the correlation/timingmemory 203. The selected timing is stored as a candidate of scramblingcode received timing in a memory 205.

After detecting the candidate of scrambling code received timing, in thescrambling code identification circuit 210.2 , a scrambling code replicagenerator 211 sets a scrambling code replica according to the candidateof scrambling code received timing provided by the detector ofscrambling code received timing 200.3. Each correlator 212 detectscorrelation values between the scrambling code replica generated by thescrambling code replica generator 211 and the respective subcarriersoutput from the FFT unit 2016. The detected correlation values aresupplied to an adder 213. The adder 213 adds up the correlation values.The sum and a corresponding scrambling code number are stored in acorrelation/code number memory 214.

The detector of scrambling code and received timing 240 selects amaximum correlation value and a corresponding code number from thevalues respectively stored in the correlation/code memories 214.According to the maximum correlation value, an optimum received timingof scrambling code is selected among the values respectively stored inthe memories 205 in the respective scrambling code correlation detectors230.1–230.m. The selected scrambling code number and scrambling codereceived timing are transferred to the demodulation circuit 300.

Demodulation operation to the received multicarrier signal carried outin the demodulation circuit 300 is identical with that explainedreferring to FIG. 12 hereinbefore.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a receiving method for MC-CDMAtransmission carried out by the receiver 20.4 shown in FIG. 18. StepS4011.1 carries out FFT at a given FFT timing, to separate a receivedmulticarrier signal into N subcarrier components. For the given FFTtiming, step S4012.1 detects correlation values between respectivesubcarriers that contain a synchronization signal among the Nsubcarriers and the synchronization signal replica. For the given FFTtiming, step S4013.1 detects a timing corresponding to a maximumcorrelation value as a candidate of scrambling code received timing. Atthe candidate of scrambling code received timing, step S4014.1 detectscorrelation values between each of the N subcarriers and each ofscrambling code replicas. These operations are carried out for aplurality of FFT timings set by the FFT timing setter 2014 (Steps S401.1to S401.m).

Based on the correlation values detected at all FFT timings, step S402finds an optimum FFT timing, a received timing of scrambling code and ascrambling code number that is scrambling the received multicarriersignal.

The demodulation circuit 300 in the receiver 20.4 also descrambles thereceived multicarrier signal by using the identified scrambling code andrecovers an original data sequence from the descrambled signal.

Referring to FIGS. 20 and 12, a receiver for an MC-CDMA transmissionsystem as a seventh embodiment of the present invention will beexplained. The receiver 20.5 comprises an antenna for wirelessmulticarrier signal 199 (not shown in FIG. 20 but identical with that ofFIG. 10), an FFT timing detector 250.1, a GI remover 2015, an FFT unit2016, a detector of scrambling code received timing 200.3 a scramblingcode identification circuit 210.1 and a demodulation circuit 300. The GIremover 2015, the FFT unit 2016 and the detector of scrambling codereceived timing 200.3 are identical with those of FIG. 18, and thescrambling code identification circuit 210.1 is identical with that ofFIG. 16. The demodulation circuit 300 is identical with that of FIG. 12.

A multicarrier signal received by the antenna 199 is input to the FFTtiming detector 250.1. A delay circuit 251 delays the input multicarriersignal by one symbol time-length. A multiplier 252 multiplies the inputmulticarrier signal by the delayed signal from the delay circuit 251.The product signal is sent to an integrator 253. The integrator 253integrates the product signal over every one guard interval and detectscorrelation values. The detected correlation values and correspondingtimings are stored in a correlation/timing memory 254.

A timing detector 255 selects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding timing from the values stored in the correlation/timingmemory 254. The selected timing is stored as an FFT timing in a memory256.

According to the FFT timing stored in the memory 256, the GI remover2015 removes guard intervals (GIs) from the received multicarriersignal. The guard-interval-free multicarrier signal is supplied to theFFT unit 2016, which separates the signal into N subcarrier componentsby using the FFT timing from the memory 256 and inputs the subcarriersto the detector of scrambling code received timing 200.3. Operationscarried out in the detector of scrambling code received timing 200.3 arethe same as those of FIG. 18, and a detected scrambling code receivedtiming is stored in a memory 205.

After the operations for detecting the received timing of scramblingcode, the scrambling code identification circuit 210.1 identifies ascrambling code number by the same manner as that of FIG. 16, and theidentified scrambling code number is input to the demodulation circuit300.

Demodulation operation to the received multicarrier signal carried outin the demodulation circuit 300 is identical with that explainedreferring to FIG. 12.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a receiving method for MC-CDMAtransmission carried out by the receiver 20.5 shown in FIG. 20. StepS501 detects correlation values between a received signal containing allbefore-FFT subcarriers and a signal that is formed by delaying thereceived signal by a symbol length (excluding a guard interval). StepS502 finds a timing corresponding to a maximum correlation value as anFFT timing. At the detected FFT timing, step S503 carries out FFT toseparate the received multicarrier signal into N subcarrier components.

Step S504 detects correlation values between m subcarriers that carry asynchronization signal among the separated N subcarriers and thesynchronization signal replica. Step S505 determines a timingcorresponding to a maximum correlation value as a scrambling codereceived timing.

Subsequently, detecting a scrambling code that is scrambling thereceived multicarrier signal is carried out according to steps S304 andS305 of the flowchart of FIG. 17.

The demodulation circuit 300 in the receiver 20.5 also descrambles thereceived multicarrier signal by using the identified scrambling code andrecovers an original data sequence from the descrambled signal.

Referring to FIGS. 22 to 25, a receiver for an MC-CDMA transmissionsystem as an eighth embodiment of the present invention will beexplained.

As explained referring to FIGS. 20 and 21 hereinbefore, one of thereceiving techniques for MC-CDMA transmission system retrieves onesymbol timing (equivalent to an FFT timing) corresponding a maximumvalue among the plural correlation values, those are accumulated byusing correlation of the guard intervals.

For a mobile communication system using the MC-CDMA transmissiontechnique, however, the maximum correlation value to be detected amongthe plural correlation values is dependent not only on a received signalattenuation, i.e., a distance attenuation and a path loss due toshadowing but also on the total transmission power of each base station.Accordingly, if base stations in the mobile communication system involvedifferent transmission powers, a receiver station may erroneously choosea base station having a large transmission power instead of a correctbase station having an optimum receiving level per channel.

This problem will be precisely explained hereinafter. A flowchart ofFIG. 22 shows a method of FFT timing candidate detection by correlationto the guard intervals, which is carried out by the receiver of FIG. 20.FIG. 23 shows the principle of the method.

A synchronization timing of received symbol is a timing to receive thestart of information symbol excluding a guard interval and is equivalentto an FFT start timing. In the following explanation, therefore, thereceived symbol synchronization timing is referred to as “FFT timing.”Further, the length of one symbol is defined as X sampling periods, andthe length of a guard interval as Y sampling periods.

According to the flowchart of FIG. 22, step S1001 multiplies, at everysampling timing, a received signal before FFT containing all subcarriersby a delayed signal of the received signal by one symbol length (Xsampling periods), to provide products. Step S1002 calculates movingaverages of the products in each averaging period that starts from asampling timing and is equal to Y sampling periods, to provide asequence of correlation values. Step S1003 carries out coherentsummation to the sequence of correlation values for every (X+Y) samplingperiods and provides a sequence of correlation values of (X+Y) samplingperiods. FIG. 24 shows an example of the sequence of correlation valuesof (X+Y) sampling periods. Based on the sequence of correlation valuesof (X+Y) sampling periods of FIG. 24, step S1004 detects, as an FFTtiming, a timing corresponding to a maximum correlation value.

The maximum correlation value to be detected in the sequence ofcorrelation values of FIG. 24 is dependent not only on a received signalattenuation, i.e., a distance attenuation and a path loss due toshadowing but also on the total transmission power of each base station(cell). If base stations in the mobile communication system involvedifferent transmission powers, a receiver station (a mobile station) mayerroneously choose a base station having a large transmission powerinstead of a correct base station having an optimum receiving level perchannel, i.e., a smallest path loss. If there are base stations 1 and 2with the base station 1 having less communication channels than the basestation 2 and if an optimum base station for a mobile station is thebase station 1, there will be a risk for the mobile station oferroneously choosing the base station 2 having a larger number ofcommunication channels.

FIG. 25 shows a receiver of the eighth embodiment for MC-CDMAtransmission system that solves the problems set forth hereinbefore. Thereceiver 20.6 comprises an antenna for wireless multicarrier signal 199(not shown in FIG. 25 but identical with that of FIG. 10), an FFT timingdetector 250.2, m scrambling code correlation detectors 230.1–230.m, ascrambling code and received timing detector 240 and a demodulationcircuit 300 as shown in FIG. 12.

A multicarrier signal received by the antenna 199 is input to the FFTtiming detector 250.2. A delay circuit 251 delays the input multicarriersignal by one symbol time-length. A multiplier 252 multiplies the inputmulticarrier signal by the delayed signal from the delay circuit 251.The product signal is sent to an integrator 253. The integrator 253integrates the product signal over every one guard interval and detectscorrelation values. The detected correlation values and correspondingtimings are stored in a correlation/timing memory 254.

A timing detector 255 selects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding timing from the values stored in the correlation/timingmemory 254. The selected timing is stored as an FFT timing candidate #1in a memory 256. A search range setter 257 sets a search range accordingto the FFT timing candidate in the memory 256 and the values in thecorrelation/timing memory 24. Various methods are usable for this searchrange setting. Those methods will be explained hereinafter. Within thesearch range set by the search range setter 257, the timing detector 255selects a maximum correlation value and a corresponding timing from thevalues in the correlation/timing memory. The selected timing is storedas an FFT timing candidate #2 in the memory 256. These operations arerepeated to detect a predetermined number of FFT timing candidates.

The scrambling code correlation detectors 230.1–230.m are provided forrespective m FFT timing candidates detected by the FFT timing detector250.2. The configuration of each of the scrambling code correlationdetectors 230.1–230.m is identical with that of FIG. 18, and itcomprises a GI remover 2015, an FFT unit 2016, a detector of scramblingcode received timing 200.3 and a scrambling code identification circuit210.2.

The respective FFT timing candidates from the FFT timing detector 250.2are supplied to the respective scrambling code correlation detectors230.1–230.m. Each scrambling code correlation detector 230.x carries outthe same operations with those of FIG. 18. Namely, a GI remover 2015removes guard intervals (GIs) from the multicarrier signal received bythe antenna 199 according to the set FFT timing candidate from the FFTtiming detector 250.2. The GI-free multicarrier signal is supplied to anFFT unit 2016, which separates the signal into N subcarrier components.Thereafter, operations carried out by a correlator 2012, a replica ofsynchronization signal generator 2013, and an adder 207 are the same asthose of FIG. 16. A correlation/timing memory 203 stores correlationvalues and corresponding timings from the adder 207. A timing detector204 selects a maximum correlation value and a corresponding timing fromthe values stored in the correlation/timing memory 203. The selectedtiming is stored as a candidate of scrambling code received timing in amemory 205. Consequently, m received timing candidates of scramblingcode are obtained by m scrambling code correlation detector 230.1–230.m,respectively.

After detecting the candidate of scrambling code received timing, thescrambling code identification circuit 210.2 in each scrambling codecorrelation detector 230.x carries out operations to obtain a scramblingcode number and correlation value. The manner of operations is the sameas that of FIG. 18.

The detector of scrambling code and received timing 240 selects amaximum correlation value and a corresponding code number from thevalues respectively output from the scrambling code identificationcircuits 210.1. According to the maximum correlation value, an optimumreceived timing of scrambling code is selected among the received timingcandidates respectively output from the scrambling code correlationdetectors 230.1–230.m. The selected scrambling code number andscrambling code received timing are transferred to the demodulationcircuit 300.

Demodulation operation to the received multicarrier signal carried outin the demodulation circuit 300 is identical with that explainedreferring to FIG. 12 hereinbefore.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart showing a receiving method for MC-CDMAtransmission carried out by the receiver 20.6 shown in FIG. 25. StepS1101 multiplies, at every sampling timing, a received signal before FFTcontaining all subcarriers by a delayed signal of the received signal byone symbol length (X sampling periods), to provide products. Step S1102calculates moving averages of the products in each averaging period thatstarts from a sampling timing and is equal to Y sampling periods, toprovide a sequence of correlation values. Step S1103 carries outcoherent summation to the sequence of correlation values for every (X+Y)sampling periods and provides a sequence of correlation values of (X+Y)sampling periods. These operation steps are equivalent with those ofsteps S1002 to S1003 in FIG. 22.

Subsequently, steps S1104 to S1106 detect a plurality of FFT timingcandidates according to the sequence of correlation values for (X+Y)sampling periods as shown in FIG. 24. FIG. 27 shows three FFT timingcandidates detected by the FFT timing detector 250.2 of FIG. 25 as setforth hereinafter. A timing corresponding to a maximum correlation valuein the sequence of correlation values for (X+Y) sampling periods isdefined as an FFT timing candidate #1. A window of W sampling periods isset around the FFT timing candidate #1 as an exclusion window #1, whichis excluded from a search range of the next FFT timing candidate for(X+Y) sampling periods to set a new search range of (X+Y−W). In thesearch range (X+Y−W), a timing corresponding to a maximum correlationvalue among the remaining correlation values is defined as an FFT timingcandidate #2. Similarly, another window of W sampling periods is setaround the FFT timing candidate #2 as an exclusion window #2. Thisexclusion window #2 is also excluded from the search range, to detect anext FFT timing candidate #3.

Subsequently, as shown in a flowchart of FIG. 28, a scrambling codeidentification operation by using the detected m FFT timing candidatesis carried out. In FIG. 28, the number of received timing candidates ofscrambling code to be detected is equivalent with the number of FFTwindow timing candidates. Step S1100 detects plural m FFT timingcandidates. This step S1100 corresponds to the whole operations shown inFIG. 26.

At each of the detected FFT timing candidates, step S1201.1 carries outFFT to separate a received signal into subcarrier components. StepS1202.1 detects a correlation between subcarriers that carries asynchronization signal among the separated N subcarriers and thesynchronization signal replica. For each FFT timing candidate, stepS1203.1 sets a timing at which a maximum correlation value appears as acandidate of scrambling code received timing. According to thiscandidate of scrambling code received timing, step S1204.1 detects acorrelation value between each subcarrier and each scrambling codereplica. Steps S1201.1 to S1205.1 are carried out for every FFT timingcandidates detected by the FFT timing detector 250.2 (S1200.1–S1200.m).

According to the scrambling code correlation values detected at all FFTtiming candidates, step S1300 finds a scrambling code corresponding to amaximum correlation value and the timing thereof and determines ascrambling code that is scrambling the received multicarrier signal, areceived timing of scrambling code, and an FFT timing. Namely, stepS1300 simultaneously determines the FFT timing, scrambling code receivedtiming, and scrambling code.

This method of detecting plural FFT timing candidates surely detects themost base station even if it involves a small transmission power andeven if plural base stations in the mobile communication system involvedifferent transmission powers.

There are another methods of detecting plural m FFT timing candidates bythe FFT timing detector 250.2 shown in FIG. 25, which are shown byflowcharts of FIGS. 29 and 30. In FIGS. 29, exclusion windows #1 and #2are separated from each other. An FFT timing candidate #1 is detected atfirst. A window of W/2 sampling periods is set before and behind the FFTtiming 1. Namely, a window of W sampling periods is set around the FFTtiming candidate #1, to define the exclusion window #1. The exclusionwindow #1 is excluded to define a new search range of (X+Y−W) samplingperiods in which a timing corresponding to a maximum correlation valueis detected as an FFT timing candidate #2. Similarly, an another windowof W sampling periods is set around the FFT timing candidate #2 as theexclusion window #2 to set a new search range in which an FFT timingcandidate #3 is detected.

In FIG. 30, exclusion windows #1 and #2 overlap each other. FFT timingcandidates #1 and #2 are detected like the example of FIG. 29. A windowof W sampling periods is set around the FFT timing candidate #2 as theexclusion window #2 to define a new search range. Since the exclusionwindows #1 and #2 partly overlap each other, the interval to be excludedin FIG. 30 is smaller than 2W sampling periods.

FIG. 31 shows an another detection method of plural FFT timingcandidates. This method detects three FFT timing candidates (m=3). Afterdetecting an FFT timing candidate #1, a window of W sampling periods isextended from the FFT timing candidate #1 up to two points each beingΔdB smaller than the correlation value of the FFT timing candidate #1.The window of W sampling periods serves as an exclusion window #1 todefine a new search range of (X+Y−W) sampling periods in which a maximumcorrelation value is detected to determine an FFT timing candidate #2.Similarly, an another window of W′ sampling periods is extended from theFFT timing candidate #2 up to two points each being ΔdB smaller than thecorrelation value of the FFT timing candidate #2. The window of W′sampling periods serves as an exclusion window #2 to define a new searchrange in which an FFT timing candidate #3 is detected.

FIGS. 32 shows another detection methods of plural FFT timingcandidates. This method also detects three FFT timing candidates (m=3).In FIG. 32, widths of exclusion windows change each other according tothe inclination of a sequence of correlation values around each FFTtiming candidate. If the inclination is steep, the exclusion window isnarrowed, and if the inclination is gentle, the exclusion window iswidened. Namely, if the peak width of an FFT timing candidate is narrow,a narrow exclusion window #1 is defined, and if the peak width is wide,a wide exclusion window #2 is defined.

FIG. 33 also shows another detection method of plural FFT timingcandidates. This method continuously extends an exclusion window from adetected FFT timing (a correlation peak) along a sequence of correlationvalues as long as the sequence of correlation values decreases. Moreprecisely, an FFT timing candidate #1 is first detected on a sequence ofcorrelation values, and a window of W sampling periods is extended fromthe FFT timing candidate #1 along the sequence of correlation values aslong as the sequence of correlation values decreases. The extendedwindow of W sampling periods serves as an exclusion window #1 to definea new search range of (X+Y−W) sampling periods. In the search range(X+Y−W) sampling periods, a timing corresponding to a maximumcorrelation value is detected as an FFT timing candidate #2. Similarly,another window of W′ sampling periods is extended from the FFT timingcandidate #2 as long as the sequence of correlation values decreases.The extended window of W′ sampling periods serves as an exclusion window#2 to define a new search range in which an FFT timing candidate #3 isdetected.

These methods of FIGS. 32 and 33 are capable of properly setting theexclusion windows even if correlation peaks overlap each other or evenif a peak width is changed due to the influence of multipaths.

FIG. 34 shows an another method of plural FFT timing candidates. Thismethod detects two FFT timing candidates according to any one of themethods of FIGS. 27 to 33, and then, newly defines eight FFT timingcandidates. More precisely, FFT timing candidates #1 and #2 are detectedaccording to any one of the methods of FIGS. 27 to 33. ±A samplingperiods and (2A sampling periods are set around the FFT timingcandidates #1 and #2, to define new FFT timing candidates.

FIG. 35 shows an another method of plural FFT timing candidates. Thismethod detects two FFT timing candidates #1 and #2 according to any oneof the methods of FIGS. 27 to 33, and then, four additional FFT timingcandidates are set. Each of the additional FFT timing candidates isdefined as each correlation value thereof to be smaller by (dB than acorresponding one of the correlation values of the FFT timing candidates#1 and #2.

These method of FIGS. 34 and 35 are capable of detecting a correct FFTtiming even if a detected timing is greatly shifted from an ideal timingdue to overlapping correlation peaks or due to the influence of noiseand interference.

Incidentally, after determination of plural m FFT timing candidates byany one of the methods of FIGS. 29 to 35, operations for detecting ascrambling code number and a received timing of scrambling code by usingthe plural FFT timing candidates are carried out by steps S1200 andS1300 in FIG. 28.

Referring to FIG. 36, a receiver for an MC-CDMA transmission system asan ninth embodiment of the present invention will be explained. Thereceiver 20.7 comprises an antenna for wireless multicarrier signal 199(not shown in FIG. 36 but identical with that of FIG. 10), an FFT timingdetector 250.2, a detector of scrambling code received timing 200.2, aGI remover 208, an FFT unit 209, a scrambling code identificationcircuit 210.1 and a demodulation circuit 300. The FFT timing detector250.2 is identical with that of FIG. 25. The detector of scrambling codereceived timing 200.2, the GI remover 208, the FFT unit and thescrambling code identification circuit 210.1 are identical with those ofFIG. 14. The demodulation circuit 300 is identical with that of FIG. 12.

A multicarrier signal received by the antenna 199 is input to the FFTtiming detector 250.2. The FFT timing detector 250.2 detects plural mFFT timing candidates from the received multicarrier signal by the sameoperations as those of FIG. 25.

The detector of scrambling code received timing 200.2 comprises a GIremover 2015, an FFT unit 2016, m synchronization signal correlationdetectors 2010.1–2010.m, a timing detector 204 and memory 205 as thoseof FIG. 14. This detector of scrambling code received timing 200.2inputs the receive multicarrier to the respective synchronization signalcorrelation detectors 2010.1–2010.m. The FFT timing detector 250.2 setsplural m FFT timing candidates to the synchronization signal correlationdetectors 2010.1–2010.m, respectively.

In each synchronization signal correlation detector 2010.x, the GIremover 2015 removes guard intervals (GIs) from the multicarrier signalaccording to the set FFT timing candidate from the FFT timing detector250.2. The GI-free multicarrier signal is supplied to the FFT unit 2016,which separates the signal into N subcarrier components. Each ofsubcarriers carrying synchronization signal thereon is input to each ofmultiple correlators 2012. Each of generators of synchronization signalreplica 2013 generates a synchronization signal replica and input to thecorrelator 2012. Each correlator 2012 detects a correlation value and acorresponding timing of the synchronization signal and output thedetected correlation value into an adder 207. The adder 207 adds up allof the detected correlation values from respective correlators 2012 inthe same synchronization signal correlation detector 2010.x. Acorrelation/timing memory 203 stores the sum from the adder 207 and thecorresponding timing.

A timing detector 204 detects a maximum correlation value and acorresponding timing among the correlation values, each of them isstored in each correlation/timing memory 203 of the synchronizationsignal correlation detectors 2010.1–2010.m. The detected timing isstored as a scrambling code received timing in a memory 205. Accordingto the scrambling code received timing, a final FFT timing is calculatedand also stored in the memory 205.

After the detection of the scrambling code received timing by thedetector of scrambling code received timing 200.2, the memory 205provides the FFT timing to the GI remover 208. By the same operations asexplained referring to FIG. 11, the GI remover 208 removes guardintervals (GIs) from the received multicarrier signal, an FFT unit 209carries out FFT operation to the GI-free multicarrier signal and anscrambling code identification circuit 210.1 identifies a scramblingcode number. In addition, a demodulation circuit 300 demodulates thereceived multicarrier signal into an original data sequence by the sameoperations as explained referring to FIG. 12.

A detection method of scrambling code number and timing carried out bythe receiver 20.7 is shown as a flowchart of FIG. 37. Firstly, stepS1100 detects plural m FFT timing candidates from the receivedmulticarrier signal by the FFT timing detector 250.2. The preciseoperation of the FFT timing candidates detection is the same as that ofFIG. 26. Still, any one of the detection methods of plural FFT timingcandidates shown in FIGS. 27 to 35 is usable.

Subsequently, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 37, a scrambling codeidentification operation by using the detected m FFT timing candidatesis carried out. Step S1401.1 carries out FFT to separate a receivedsignal into subcarrier components. Step S1402.1 detects a correlationbetween subcarriers that carries a synchronization signal among theseparated N subcarrier components and a synchronization signal replica.For each FFT timing candidate, these steps S1401.1 and S1402.1 arecarried out (S1400.1 to S1400.m).

Thereafter, step S1500 finds a scrambling code received timingcorresponding to a maximum correlation value. According to the detectedreceived timing of scrambling code, step 1600 detects correlation valuesbetween respective scrambling code replicas and the GI-free subcarriersafter FFT. Step 1700 determines a scrambling code that is scrambling thereceived multicarrier signal corresponding to a maximum correlationvalue of scrambling code. In this method of FIG. 37, the FFT timing andthe received timing of scrambling code are detected on step S1500, whichis before the determination of the scrambling code itself.

This method of detecting plural FFT timing candidates also surelydetects the most suitable base station even if it involves a smalltransmission power and even if plural base stations in the mobilecommunication system involve different transmission powers.

Hereinafter, a correlation detecting method of scramble code will beexplained. It is assumed that the number of subcarriers is N of #1 to#N. An example shown in FIG. 38 is a case of Navg=6, Ncs=4, andNps=N/Ncs. A coherent summation of each correlation value of the symbolis carried out for every subcarrier during an interval of Navg symbolsalong a time axis, to provide a coherent sum for each subcarrier.Further, a coherent summation of the coherent sum of each subcarrier iscarried out for Ncs subcarriers, to provide a coherent sum of every Ncssubcarriers. Subsequently, a power summation to Nps summed value ofevery Ncs subcarriers is carried out along a frequency axis, to providea correlation value of each scrambling code.

In case that Nps=N/Ncs as this example, N subcarriers by Navg symbolsare used to detect a correlation value of each scrambling code.

A second example shown in FIG. 39 is a case of Navg=6, Ncs=4, and Nps=1.In this case, since Nps=1, a summed value of Ncs subcarriers represent acorrelation value of each scrambling code, and N subcarriers by Navgsymbols are used to detect N/Ncs correlation values of N/Ncs respectivescrambling codes.

A third example shown in FIG. 40 is a case of Nps=(N/Ncs)/4. Fourcorrelation values of scrambling codes ((N/Ncs)/Nps=4) are alternatelydetected at every Ncs subcarriers interval. Nps sets of summed valuecalculated at every Ncs subcarriers interval are power-summed along afrequency axis for every scrambling code, to provide a correlation valueof each scrambling code.

In this example, since Nps=(Nc/Ncs)/4, N subcarriers by Navg symbols areused to detect four correlations values of four respective scramblingcodes.

FIG. 41 is another example of Nps=(N/Ncs)/2 case. In this case, Nsubcarriers by Navg symbols are used to detect two correlation values oftwo respective scrambling codes.

As explained above, the present invention realizes high-speed, precisescrambling code synchronization for multicarrier CDMA.

Further, the present invention enables a multicarrier CDMA mobilecommunication system to select a symbol received timing related to anoptimum cell (base station) from among a plurality of candidates even ifthe communication system involves a plurality of cells having differenttransmission powers.

1. A receiver of multicarrier signal for a mobile communication system,the system transmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a datasequence doubly multiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from along code group, comprising: a receiving element receiving themulticarrier signal containing the subcarriers, at least one of whichincludes a synchronization signal transmitted therein, multiplied onlyby a spreading code for synchronization; a first correlator detectingcorrelation values between the received multicarrier signal andsynchronization signal replicas; a timing detector detecting an FFTtiming and a received timing of long code according to the correlationvalues; an FFT unit carrying out FFT at the detected FFT timing, toseparate the received multicarrier signal a plurality of subcarriercomponents; a second correlator detecting, at the detected receivedtiming of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and each long code chosen from a long codegroup; a code detector detecting, according to the detected correlationvalues, a long code that is scrambling the received multicarrier signal;and a demodulation circuit demodulating the data sequence from thereceived multicarrier signal by using the received timing of long codeand the long code.
 2. A receiver of multicarrier signal for a mobilecommunication system, the system transmits, by using a plurality ofsubcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and along code chosen from a long code group, comprising: a receiving elementreceiving the multicarrier signal containing the subcarriers, at leastone of which includes a synchronization signal transmitted therein,multiplied only by a spreading code for synchronization; a subcarrierseparator carrying out FFT operations at a plurality of FFT timingcandidates to separate the received multicarrier signal into a pluralityof subcarrier components; a first correlator detecting correlationvalues between the subcarrier components that carry the synchronizationsignal and a synchronization signal replica; a timing detector detectinga received timing of long code and an FFT timing according to thecorrelation values; an FFT unit carrying out FFT operation at thedetected FFT timing to separate the received multicarrier signal into aplurality of subcarrier components; a second correlator detecting, atthe detected received timing of long code, correlation values betweenthe subcarrier components and a plurality of replicas of data sequencedoubly multiplied by a short code and each code chosen from a long codegroup; a code detector detecting, according to the detected correlationvalues, a long code that is scrambling the received multicarrier signal;and a demodulation circuit demodulating the data sequence from thereceived multicarrier signal by using the received timing of long codeand the long code.
 3. A receiver of multicarrier signal for a mobilecommunication system, the system transmits, by using a plurality ofsubcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and along code chosen from a long code group, comprising: a receiving elementreceiving the multicarrier signal containing the subcarriers, at leastone of which includes a synchronization signal transmitted therein,multiplied only by a spreading code for synchronization; a subcarrierseparator separating the received multicarrier signal into a pluralityof subcarrier components; a first correlator detecting correlationvalues between the subcarrier components that carry the synchronizationsignal and a synchronization signal replica; and a timing detectordetecting a received timing of long code according to the correlationvalues; a second correlator detecting, at the detected received timingof long code, correlation values between the subcarrier components and aplurality of replicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short codeand each code chosen from a long code group; a code detector detecting,according to the detected correlation values, a long code that isscrambling the received multicarrier signal; and a demodulation circuitdemodulating a data sequence from the received multicarrier signal byusing the received timing of long code and the long code.
 4. A receiverof multicarrier signal for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of sub carriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving element receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers, at least one of which includes asynchronization signal transmitted therein, multiplied only by aspreading code for synchronization; a subcarrier separator carrying outFFT operations at a plurality of FFT timing candidates to separate thereceived multicarrier signal into plural groups each of which contains aplurality of subcarrier components; a first correlator detectingcorrelation values between the subcarrier components that carry thesynchronization signal and a synchronization signal replica for eachgroups of subcarriers; a timing detector detecting a plurality ofcandidates of long code received timing according to the correlationvalues detected by the first correlator; a second correlator detecting,at each of the detected candidates of long code received timing,correlation values between the subcarrier components and a plurality ofreplicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and eachcode chosen from a long code group; a code candidate detector detecting,according to the correlation values detected by the second correlator, aplurality of candidates of long code for scrambling a multicarriersignal; a timing and code detector detecting a received timing of longcode among the received timing candidates and detecting a long codeamong the candidates of long code; and a demodulation circuitdemodulating the data sequence from the received multicarrier signal byusing the received timing of long code and the long code.
 5. A receiverof multicarrier signal for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving element receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers, at least one of which includes asynchronization signal transmitted therein, multiplied only by aspreading code for synchronization; an FFT timing detector detecting acorrelation for a guard interval of the received multicarrier signal, todetect an FFT timing; a subcarrier separator carrying out FFT at the FFTtiming to separate the received multicarrier signal into a plurality ofsubcarrier components; a first correlator detecting correlation valuesbetween subcarriers that carry a synchronization signal among theseparated subcarriers and a synchronization signal replica; a timingdetector detecting a received timing of long code according to thecorrelation values; a second correlator detecting, at the detectedreceived timing of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and each code chosen from a long code group;a code detector detecting, according to the detected correlation values,a long code that is scrambling the received multicarrier signal; and ademodulation circuit demodulating the data sequence from the receivedmulticarrier signal by using the received timing of long code and thelong code.
 6. A multicarrier signal receiving method for a mobilecommunication system, the system transmits, by using a plurality ofsubcarriers, a data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and along code chosen from a long code group, comprising: a receiving step ofreceiving the multicarrier signal containing the subcarriers, at leastone of which includes a synchronization signal transmitted therein in aburst mode at specific intervals, multiplied only by a spreading codefor synchronization; a correlation detection step of detectingcorrelation values between the received multicarrier signal andsynchronization signal replicas; a timing detection step of detecting anFFT timing and a received timing of the long code according to thecorrelation values; a separation step of carrying out FFT at thedetected FFT timing, to separate the received multicarrier signal into aplurality of subcarrier components; another correlation detection stepof detecting, at the detected received timing of the long code,correlation values between the subcarrier components and a plurality ofreplicas of the data sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and eachcode chosen from a long code group; and a code detection step ofdetecting, according to the detected correlation values, a long codethat is scrambling the received multicarrier signal.
 7. A multicarriersignal receiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving step of receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers, at least one of which includes asynchronization signal transmitted therein in a burst mode at specificintervals, multiplied only by a spreading code for synchronization; aseparation step of separating the received multicarrier signal into aplurality of subcarrier components; a correlation detection step ofdetecting correlation values between the subcarrier components thatcarry the synchronization signal and a synchronization signal replica;and a timing detection step of detecting a received timing of long codeaccording to the correlation values, wherein the separation step carriesout FFT at a plurality of FFT timing candidates; the correlationdetection step detects the correlation values for each FFT timingcandidate; and the timing detection step detects an FFT timing and thereceive timing of the long code according to the correlation values. 8.A method as in claim 7, further comprising: a separation step ofcarrying out FFT at the detected FFT timing, to separate the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; anothercorrelation detection step of detecting, at the detected received timingof long code, correlation values between the subcarrier components and aplurality of replicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short codeand each code chosen from a long code group; and a code detection stepof detecting, according to the detected correlation values, a long codethat is scrambling the received multicarrier signal.
 9. A multicarriersignal receiving method for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving step of receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers, at least one of which includes asynchronization signal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by aspreading code for synchronization; a separation step of carrying outFFT on the received multicarrier signal at a plurality of FFT timingcandidates, to separate the received multicarrier signal into aplurality of subcarrier components for each FFT timing candidate; afirst correlation detection step of detecting correlation values betweenthe subcarrier components that carry the synchronization signal and asynchronization signal replica; a timing detection step of detecting areceived timing of long code according to the correlation values; asecond correlation detection step of detecting, at the detected receivedtiming of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and each code chosen from a long code group;and a timing and code detection step of detecting an FFT timing, areceived timing of long code, and the long code that is scrambling thereceived multicarrier signal according to the detected correlationvalues for each of the FFT timing candidates in the second correlationdetection step.
 10. A multicarrier signal receiving method for a mobilecommunication system, the system transmits in a burst mode at specificintervals, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: an FFT timing detection step of detecting an FFTtiming according to a correlation characteristic of a guard intervalcontained in the received multicarrier signal; a separation step ofcarrying out FFT at the detected FFT timing, to separate the receivedmulticarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components; acorrelation detection step of detecting correlation values betweensubcarriers that carry a synchronization signal among the separatedsubcarriers and a synchronization signal replica; a timing detectionstep of detecting a received timing of long code according to thecorrelation values; another correlation detection step of detecting, atthe detected received timing of the long code, correlation valuesbetween the subcarrier components and a plurality of replicas of thedata sequence doubly multiplied by a short code and each code chosenfrom a long code group; and a code detection step of detecting,according to the detected correlation values, a long code that isscrambling the received multicarrier signal.
 11. A receiver ofmulticarrier signal for a mobile communication system, the systemtransmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a data sequence doublymultiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from a long codegroup, comprising: a receiving element receiving the multicarrier signalcontaining the subcarriers, at least one of which includes asynchronization signal transmitted therein, multiplied only by aspreading code for synchronization; and an FFT timing detector detectinga plurality of FFT timing candidates according to a correlationcharacteristic of a guard interval contained in the receivedmulticarrier signal; wherein the FFT timing detector comprises: amultiplier multiplying the received multicarrier signal by a delayedsignal by one symbol length of the received multicarrier signal, toprovide a product; an integrator integrating the product over one guardinterval at every guard interval, to provide a plurality of correlationvalues; a first memory storing the correlation values and correspondingtimings thereto; a second memory storing a plurality of FFT timingcandidates consecutively given; a search range setter setting searchranges for respective FFT timing candidates according to the correlationvalues in the first memory and the FFT timing candidates in the secondmemory; and a timing detector firstly selecting a maximum correlationvalue and a corresponding timing from the values in the first memory asan FFT timing candidate #1 and storing the FFT timing candidate #1 inthe second memory, subsequently making the search rang setter set a newsearch range according to the values stored in the first memory and theFFT timing candidate previously stored in the second memory, selecting amaximum correlation value and a corresponding timing from the valueswithin the search range previously set as an FFT timing candidate #2 andstoring the FFT timing candidate #2 in the second memory, and repeatingthe same operations of setting a new search range and selecting an FFTtiming candidate of next number until detecting a predetermined numberof FFT timing candidates.
 12. A receiver as in claim 11, furthercomprising: a plurality of FFT units, each of which carries out FFToperations to the received multicarrier signal at each of detectedplural FFT timing candidates to separate the received multicarriersignal into a plurality of subcarrier components; a plurality of firstcorrelators, each of which detects correlation values between thesubcarrier components that carry the synchronization signal and asynchronization signal replica for each groups of subcarriers; aplurality of timing detectors, each of which detects a plurality ofreceived timing candidates of long code; a plurality of secondcorrelators, each of which detects, at each received timing candidate oflong code, correlation values between the subcarrier components and aplurality of replicas of data sequence doubly multiplied by a short codeand each code chosen from a long code group; a plurality of codecandidate detectors, each of which detects, according to the detectedcorrelation values, a plurality of candidates of long code forscrambling a multicarrier signal; a timing and code detector detecting areceived timing of long code among the received timing candidates anddetecting a long code among the candidates of long code; and ademodulation circuit demodulating the data sequence from the receivedmulticarrier signal by using the received timing of long code and thelong code.
 13. A receiver as in claim 11, further comprising: aplurality of first FFT units, each of which carries out FFT operationsto the received multicarrier signal at each of detected plural FFTtiming candidates to separate the received multicarrier signal into aplurality of subcarrier components; a plurality of first correlators,each of which detects correlation values between the subcarriercomponents that carry the synchronization signal and a synchronizationsignal replica for each group of subcarriers; a timing detectordetecting a received timing of long code and an FFT timing according tothe correlation values; a second FFT unit carrying out FFT operation atthe detected FFT timing to the received multicarrier signal to separatea plurality of subcarriers; a second correlator detecting, at thereceived timing of long code, correlation values between the subcarriercomponents and a replica of data sequence doubly multiplied by a shortcode and each code chosen from a long code group; a code detectordetecting, according to the detected correlation values, a long code forscrambling a multicarrier signal; and a demodulation circuitdemodulating the data sequence from the received multicarrier signal byusing the received timing of long code and the long code.
 14. Amulticarrier signal receiving method for a mobile communication system,the system transmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a datasequence doubly multiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from along code group, comprising: an FFT timing detection step of detecting aplurality of FFT timing candidates according to a correlationcharacteristic of a guard interval contained in a received multicarriersignal, wherein the FFT timing detection step comprises a multiplicationstep of multiplying the received multicarrier signal by a delayed signalby one symbol length of the received multicarrier signal, to provideproducts; an integrating step of integrating the products over theperiod that is equal to a guard interval, to provide correlation valuesequences; a correlation value accumulating step of accumulatingcoherently the correlation value sequences during each insertion periodof the guard interval, to provide an averaged correlation sequencehaving a time length equivalent to the insertion period of the guardinterval; and an FFT timing detection step of detecting the plural FFTtiming candidates according to the averaged correlation value sequence.15. A method as in claim 14, wherein the FFT timing detection stepcomprising: a step of detecting a timing corresponding to a maximumaveraged correlation value in the averaged correlation value sequence asa first FFT timing candidate; and a step of setting predetermined Wsampling periods around the first FFT timing candidate as an exclusionwindow, detecting, as a next FFT timing candidate, a timingcorresponding to a maximum correlation value in the averaged correlationvalue sequence excluding the exclusion window, and repeating the settingof an exclusion window and the detecting of a next FFT timing candidate,to provide a predetermined number of FFT timing candidates.
 16. A methodas in claim 15, wherein: each exclusion window is set by predeterminedW/2 sampling periods before and behind a previously detected FFT timingcandidate.
 17. A method as in claim 15, wherein a size and position ofeach exclusion window are set according to an inclination of the ofaveraged correlation value sequence around a previously detected FFTtiming candidate.
 18. A method as in claim 15, wherein a size andposition of each exclusion window are set according to the correlationvalue corresponding to a previously detected FFT timing candidate.
 19. Amethod as in one of claims 14 and 15 to 18, further comprising: a stepof setting additional FFT timing candidates before and behind each ofthe determined FFT timing candidates.
 20. A method as in one of claims14 and 15 to 19, further comprising: a step of carrying out FFT at aplurality of the detected FFT timing candidates, to separate thereceived multicarrier signal into a plurality of subcarrier components;a step of detecting correlation values between subcarriers that carry asynchronization signal among the separated subcarriers and asynchronization signal replica; a step of detecting one or a pluralityof received timing candidates of the long code according to the detectedcorrelation values; a step of detecting, at respective timings of thedetected received timing candidates of the long code, correlation valuesbetween the subcarrier components and a plurality of replicas of datasequence doubly multiplied by a long code chosen from a long code groupand a short code; and a step of detecting an FFT timing, a receivedtiming of long code, and a long code that is scrambling the receivedmulticarrier signal according to the detected correlation values.
 21. Amulticarrier signal receiving method for a mobile communication system,the system transmits, by using a plurality of subcarriers, a datasequence doubly multiplied by a short code and a long code chosen from along code group, comprising the step of: detecting correlation valuesbetween the subcarrier components separated from a received multicarriersignal and a plurality of replicas of data sequence doubly multiplied bya long code chosen from a long code group and a short code, by the stepsof: integrating the product coherently over Navg symbols along a timeaxis for each subcarrier, where Navg is an integer equal to or largerthan 1; accumulating coherently the integrated value of each subcarrierfor Ncs consecutive subcarriers along a frequency axis, where every Ncsis an integer satisfying 1<=Ncs<=N, and N is the number of thesubcarriers; and detecting averaged correlation values by averaging Npsaccumulated values for every Ncs subcarriers by squared form along thefrequency axis, wherein Nps is an integer satisfying 1<=Nps<=Nc/Ncs. 22.A method as in claim 21, wherein if Nps<(N/Ncs), alternately detectingcorrelation values of (N/Ncs)/Nps long codes at every Ncs subcarriersinterval along the frequency axis.